لقد حملت المقالة 129 مليون مرة على محركات البحث العالمية
روجر ألين هو باحث إنجليزي في الأدب العربي. كان أول طالب في جامعة أوكسفورد يحصل على درجة الدكتوراه في الأدب العربي الحديث
، وهو ما فعله تحت إشراف محمد مصطفى بدوي. كانت أطروحة الدكتوراه الخاصة به حول حديث محمد المويلحي السرد عيسى بن هشام ، ونشرت لاحقًا في كتاب بعنوان "فترة من الزمن
له مؤلفات و ترجمات كثيرة فى الأدب العربى المترجم الى اللغة الانجليزبة ويعد علامه فى هذا المجال
Die Juden in der pal?stinensischen Literatur zwischen 1913
und 1987 (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1993), pp. 258.
Reading &Vocabulary 94
As the title implies, this is a detailed and meticulous thematic study of the ways in which Palestinian writers have reflected in their works the complexities of the
fraught relationship between their own people and the Jews. The work is a 1991Ph.D. dissertation from the University of Bamberg.
The study is divided into two parts: the second is much the shorter (pp. 220-41)and is summative; the first part is subdivided into three chronological periods, 19148, 1948-67 (misprinted as 1977 in the listing of Contents), and 1967-87. In the first section the author traces the way in which the image of the Jew (and he specifies
[p. 8
that his topic is the broader question of Jews and Judaism in Palestinian literature rather than the narrower topic of Israel and Israelis) has changed from one of negative generalisation and stereotypical characters towards a portrayal that manages to capture the features of individuals.
Al-Osta uses a pleasing variety of genres as focuses for his analysis: from the short novel of Khalil Baydas, Al-W?rith(1920) and the play, Watan al-shahld (1947) by Burh?n al-d?n al-'Abb?shi, to Ish?qM?s? al-Husayn?'s entertaining Mudhakkir?t daj?jah (1943), and Naj?ti Sidq?'s collection of short stories, Al-Akhaw?t al-hazln?t (1947-48).
Through quotations fromthe works themselves and also from the author's introduction to them, al-Osta makesuse of plot and characterisation to illustrate the shifting attitudes that affect therelationship between the two communities. Sidq?'s story, "Ayy?m min al-cumr" (analysedon pp. 73-76) is used to provide an illustration of the cultural differences that impact upon contacts between the indigenous Palestinians and newly arrived immigrant Jews.
This same pattern of thematic linkages characterises the second part of the study, devoted to the period between 1948 and 1967 when the State of Israel had come into existence, bringing with it conflict and, for the Palestinians, the choice of residence within the borders of a Jewish state or exile.
With the same mixture of literary genres and of names well known and less familiar al-Osta explores once again the move from a view of the Jew as sheer enemy to a more nuanced view, a shift tellingly illustrated through a contrast of some of Ghassan Kanaf?n?'s earlier short stories (such as "Waraqah min Ramlah") with the novel, M? tabaqq? lakum (1966),in which, as the author rightly notes, the Palestinian is not really a hero nor the Israeli soldier a villain; each, in their own way, is a victim of circumstance.
Thepoetry and drama of Tawfiq Zayy?d is used to provide illustrations of the new sets of relationships established both between Jews of different cultural origins and between them and the Arab population of Israel. A final section uses fictiona commentaries to point out the differences in work opportunities for the two communities (pp. 129-35).
Bearing in mind the pace of events during the period since the June War?alnaksah?of 1967, it is hardly surprising that the section of this study devoted to themost recent period (till 1987) is the longest of the three. Black September of 1970,the foundation of the FATAH movement, the 1973 "crossing" of the Suez Canal,
the "Peace Now" movement in Israel, the continuous guerrilla warfare and raids into Southern Lebanon, and "Operation Galilee"? the assault on Beirut in 1982, theseevents provide a noisy backdrop to Palestinian literary creativity.
Al-Osta's study analyses a number of works written during this period under a number of terms of
reference: the increasing divide between the Jewish and non-Jewish communities as seen in the works of Samih al-Q?sim and cAfn?n al-Q?sim, and in particular the development of the notion of Jewish superiority which is explored through an analysis of Kanaf?ni's c?3id il? Hayf?3 (1969) and Muc?n Basis?'s play,
Shamsh?n wa Dal?lah (1971) in which the Biblical figure of Samson is used to represent the State of Israel while Delilah symbolises the struggles of the Palestinians. Further sectionsinvestigate the second-class status of the "Arab Jews," the Sephardic (Mizrachi)
communities who migrated to Israel from countries such as Iraq, Yemen, and Morocco and the ambivalent feelings that colour the relationship between these newimmigrants to Israel and its Ashkhenazi Jewish and Arab inhabitants alike.This work shows all the qualities that one anticipates from its genre and approach.
As a doctoral dissertation, it is well organized and provided with a greatdeal of useful biographical and bibliographical information, some of it concerning Palestinian authors about whom detailed information is scarce.
The thematic approach implicit in the title and relentlessly pursued through the multiple subdivisions of each section emphasizes the role of Palestinian literature in reflecting aspects of history and society, and most especially conflict. In the case of the Palestinians, of course, such an emphasis finds a good deal of support, not only in the literature itself but also in the analytical commentary that has been devoted to it.
However, the works discussed are contributions to literature, and it is in that context that I find myself wanting to know more about the structure, style, and technique of these works.
There is the occasional comment concerning the mode of narration in a piece of fiction, but at no point do I emerge with any sense of the author's evaluation of what he has so painstakingly categorized. In the presentationof such an exhaustive picture of the themes covered by Palestinian writers everything emerges on the same plane.
University of Pennsylvania Roger Allen
meticulous دقيق
complexities نعقيدات
fraught مفعم
chronological متسلسل
summative مختصر
capture يلتقط
stereoytypical نمطى
genres أجناس ادبية
indigenous السكان الاصليين
painstaking مجتهد
generalization تعميم
nuanced الدقة فى درجة الاختلاف
warfare حرب
روجر ألين هو باحث إنجليزي في الأدب العربي. كان أول طالب في جامعة أوكسفورد يحصل على درجة الدكتوراه في الأدب العربي الحديث
، وهو ما فعله تحت إشراف محمد مصطفى بدوي. كانت أطروحة الدكتوراه الخاصة به حول حديث محمد المويلحي السرد عيسى بن هشام ، ونشرت لاحقًا في كتاب بعنوان "فترة من الزمن
له مؤلفات و ترجمات كثيرة فى الأدب العربى المترجم الى اللغة الانجليزبة ويعد علامه فى هذا المجال
Die Juden in der pal?stinensischen Literatur zwischen 1913
und 1987 (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1993), pp. 258.
Reading &Vocabulary 94
As the title implies, this is a detailed and meticulous thematic study of the ways in which Palestinian writers have reflected in their works the complexities of the
fraught relationship between their own people and the Jews. The work is a 1991Ph.D. dissertation from the University of Bamberg.
The study is divided into two parts: the second is much the shorter (pp. 220-41)and is summative; the first part is subdivided into three chronological periods, 19148, 1948-67 (misprinted as 1977 in the listing of Contents), and 1967-87. In the first section the author traces the way in which the image of the Jew (and he specifies
[p. 8
that his topic is the broader question of Jews and Judaism in Palestinian literature rather than the narrower topic of Israel and Israelis) has changed from one of negative generalisation and stereotypical characters towards a portrayal that manages to capture the features of individuals.
Al-Osta uses a pleasing variety of genres as focuses for his analysis: from the short novel of Khalil Baydas, Al-W?rith(1920) and the play, Watan al-shahld (1947) by Burh?n al-d?n al-'Abb?shi, to Ish?qM?s? al-Husayn?'s entertaining Mudhakkir?t daj?jah (1943), and Naj?ti Sidq?'s collection of short stories, Al-Akhaw?t al-hazln?t (1947-48).
Through quotations fromthe works themselves and also from the author's introduction to them, al-Osta makesuse of plot and characterisation to illustrate the shifting attitudes that affect therelationship between the two communities. Sidq?'s story, "Ayy?m min al-cumr" (analysedon pp. 73-76) is used to provide an illustration of the cultural differences that impact upon contacts between the indigenous Palestinians and newly arrived immigrant Jews.
This same pattern of thematic linkages characterises the second part of the study, devoted to the period between 1948 and 1967 when the State of Israel had come into existence, bringing with it conflict and, for the Palestinians, the choice of residence within the borders of a Jewish state or exile.
With the same mixture of literary genres and of names well known and less familiar al-Osta explores once again the move from a view of the Jew as sheer enemy to a more nuanced view, a shift tellingly illustrated through a contrast of some of Ghassan Kanaf?n?'s earlier short stories (such as "Waraqah min Ramlah") with the novel, M? tabaqq? lakum (1966),in which, as the author rightly notes, the Palestinian is not really a hero nor the Israeli soldier a villain; each, in their own way, is a victim of circumstance.
Thepoetry and drama of Tawfiq Zayy?d is used to provide illustrations of the new sets of relationships established both between Jews of different cultural origins and between them and the Arab population of Israel. A final section uses fictiona commentaries to point out the differences in work opportunities for the two communities (pp. 129-35).
Bearing in mind the pace of events during the period since the June War?alnaksah?of 1967, it is hardly surprising that the section of this study devoted to themost recent period (till 1987) is the longest of the three. Black September of 1970,the foundation of the FATAH movement, the 1973 "crossing" of the Suez Canal,
the "Peace Now" movement in Israel, the continuous guerrilla warfare and raids into Southern Lebanon, and "Operation Galilee"? the assault on Beirut in 1982, theseevents provide a noisy backdrop to Palestinian literary creativity.
Al-Osta's study analyses a number of works written during this period under a number of terms of
reference: the increasing divide between the Jewish and non-Jewish communities as seen in the works of Samih al-Q?sim and cAfn?n al-Q?sim, and in particular the development of the notion of Jewish superiority which is explored through an analysis of Kanaf?ni's c?3id il? Hayf?3 (1969) and Muc?n Basis?'s play,
Shamsh?n wa Dal?lah (1971) in which the Biblical figure of Samson is used to represent the State of Israel while Delilah symbolises the struggles of the Palestinians. Further sectionsinvestigate the second-class status of the "Arab Jews," the Sephardic (Mizrachi)
communities who migrated to Israel from countries such as Iraq, Yemen, and Morocco and the ambivalent feelings that colour the relationship between these newimmigrants to Israel and its Ashkhenazi Jewish and Arab inhabitants alike.This work shows all the qualities that one anticipates from its genre and approach.
As a doctoral dissertation, it is well organized and provided with a greatdeal of useful biographical and bibliographical information, some of it concerning Palestinian authors about whom detailed information is scarce.
The thematic approach implicit in the title and relentlessly pursued through the multiple subdivisions of each section emphasizes the role of Palestinian literature in reflecting aspects of history and society, and most especially conflict. In the case of the Palestinians, of course, such an emphasis finds a good deal of support, not only in the literature itself but also in the analytical commentary that has been devoted to it.
However, the works discussed are contributions to literature, and it is in that context that I find myself wanting to know more about the structure, style, and technique of these works.
There is the occasional comment concerning the mode of narration in a piece of fiction, but at no point do I emerge with any sense of the author's evaluation of what he has so painstakingly categorized. In the presentationof such an exhaustive picture of the themes covered by Palestinian writers everything emerges on the same plane.
University of Pennsylvania Roger Allen
meticulous دقيق
complexities نعقيدات
fraught مفعم
chronological متسلسل
summative مختصر
capture يلتقط
stereoytypical نمطى
genres أجناس ادبية
indigenous السكان الاصليين
painstaking مجتهد
generalization تعميم
nuanced الدقة فى درجة الاختلاف
warfare حرب